Java - Convert File to InputStream

1. Overview

In this quick tutorial, we’re going to show how to convert a File to an InputStream — first using plain Java and then Guava and the Apache Commons IO library.

This article is part of the Java – Back to Basics series here on Baeldung.

2. Convert Using Java

*We can use the IO package of Java to convert a File to different InputStreams.*

2.1. FileInputStream

Let’s start with the first and simplest one — using a FileInputStream:

@Test
public void givenUsingPlainJava_whenConvertingFileToInputStream_thenCorrect() 
  throws IOException {
    File initialFile = new File("src/main/resources/sample.txt");
    InputStream targetStream = new FileInputStream(initialFile);
}

2.2. DataInputStream

Let’s look at another method, where we can use DataInputStream to read binary or primitive data from a file:

@Test
public final void givenUsingPlainJava_whenConvertingFileToDataInputStream_thenCorrect() 
  throws IOException {
      final File initialFile = new File("src/test/resources/sample.txt");
      final InputStream targetStream = 
        new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(initialFile));
}

2.3. SequenceInputStream

Finally, let’s also look at how to use SequenceInputStream to concatenate the input stream of two files to a single InputStream:

@Test
public final void givenUsingPlainJava_whenConvertingFileToSequenceInputStream_thenCorrect() 
  throws IOException {
      final File initialFile = new File("src/test/resources/sample.txt");
      final File anotherFile = new File("src/test/resources/anothersample.txt");
      final InputStream targetStream = new FileInputStream(initialFile);
      final InputStream anotherTargetStream = new FileInputStream(anotherFile);
    
      InputStream sequenceTargetStream = 
        new SequenceInputStream(targetStream, anotherTargetStream);
}

Note that we’re not closing the resulting stream in these examples for legibility.

3. Convert Using Guava

Next, let’s see the Guava solution, using an intermediary ByteSource:

@Test
public void givenUsingGuava_whenConvertingFileToInputStream_thenCorrect() 
  throws IOException {
    File initialFile = new File("src/main/resources/sample.txt");
    InputStream targetStream = Files.asByteSource(initialFile).openStream();
}

4. Convert Using Commons IO

Finally, let’s look at a solution using Apache Commons IO:

@Test
public void givenUsingCommonsIO_whenConvertingFileToInputStream_thenCorrect() 
  throws IOException {
    File initialFile = new File("src/main/resources/sample.txt");
    InputStream targetStream = FileUtils.openInputStream(initialFile);
}

And there we have it. Three simple and clean solutions for opening a stream from a Java file.

5. Conclusion

In this article, we explored various ways to convert a File to InputStream by using different libraries.

The implementation of all these examples and code snippets can be found over on GitHub. This is a Maven-based project, so it should be easy to import and run as it is.