1. Overview
In this tutorial, we’ll handle the conversions that need to happen between the internal entities of a Spring application and the external DTOs (Data Transfer Objects) that are published back to the client.
2. Model Mapper
Let’s start by introducing the main library that we’re going to use to perform this entity-DTO conversion, ModelMapper.
We will need this dependency in the pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>
<artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
To check if there’s any newer version of this library, go here.
Then we’ll define the ModelMapper bean in our Spring configuration:
@Bean
public ModelMapper modelMapper() {
return new ModelMapper();
}
3. The DTO
Next let’s introduce the DTO side of this two-sided problem, Post DTO:
public class PostDto {
private static final SimpleDateFormat dateFormat
= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
private Long id;
private String title;
private String url;
private String date;
private UserDto user;
public Date getSubmissionDateConverted(String timezone) throws ParseException {
dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(timezone));
return dateFormat.parse(this.date);
}
public void setSubmissionDate(Date date, String timezone) {
dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(timezone));
this.date = dateFormat.format(date);
}
// standard getters and setters
}
Note that the two custom date related methods handle the date conversion back and forth between the client and the server:
- getSubmissionDateConverted() method converts date String into a Date in the server’s timezone to use it in the persisting Post entity
- setSubmissionDate() method is to set DTO’s date to Post‘s Date in current user timezone
4. The Service Layer
Now let’s look at a service level operation, which will obviously work with the Entity (not the DTO):
public List<Post> getPostsList(
int page, int size, String sortDir, String sort) {
PageRequest pageReq
= PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.Direction.fromString(sortDir), sort);
Page<Post> posts = postRepository
.findByUser(userService.getCurrentUser(), pageReq);
return posts.getContent();
}
We’re going to have a look at the layer above service next, the controller layer. This is where the conversion will actually happen.
5. The Controller Layer
Next let’s examine a standard controller implementation, exposing the simple REST API for the Post resource.
We’re going to show here a few simple CRUD operations: create, update, get one, and get all. Given that the operations are pretty straightforward, we are especially interested in the Entity-DTO conversion aspects:
@Controller
class PostRestController {
@Autowired
private IPostService postService;
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@Autowired
private ModelMapper modelMapper;
@GetMapping
@ResponseBody
public List<PostDto> getPosts(...) {
//...
List<Post> posts = postService.getPostsList(page, size, sortDir, sort);
return posts.stream()
.map(this::convertToDto)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
@PostMapping
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
@ResponseBody
public PostDto createPost(@RequestBody PostDto postDto) {
Post post = convertToEntity(postDto);
Post postCreated = postService.createPost(post));
return convertToDto(postCreated);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/{id}")
@ResponseBody
public PostDto getPost(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
return convertToDto(postService.getPostById(id));
}
@PutMapping(value = "/{id}")
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
public void updatePost(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestBody PostDto postDto) {
if(!Objects.equals(id, postDto.getId())){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("IDs don't match");
}
Post post = convertToEntity(postDto);
postService.updatePost(post);
}
}
Here is our conversion from Post entity to PostDto:
private PostDto convertToDto(Post post) {
PostDto postDto = modelMapper.map(post, PostDto.class);
postDto.setSubmissionDate(post.getSubmissionDate(),
userService.getCurrentUser().getPreference().getTimezone());
return postDto;
}
Here is the conversion from DTO to an entity:
private Post convertToEntity(PostDto postDto) throws ParseException {
Post post = modelMapper.map(postDto, Post.class);
post.setSubmissionDate(postDto.getSubmissionDateConverted(
userService.getCurrentUser().getPreference().getTimezone()));
if (postDto.getId() != null) {
Post oldPost = postService.getPostById(postDto.getId());
post.setRedditID(oldPost.getRedditID());
post.setSent(oldPost.isSent());
}
return post;
}
So as we can see, with the help of the model mapper, the conversion logic is quick and simple. We’re using the map API of the mapper, and getting the data converted without writing a single line of conversion logic.
6. Unit Testing
Finally, let’s do a very simple test to make sure the conversions between the entity and the DTO work well:
public class PostDtoUnitTest {
private ModelMapper modelMapper = new ModelMapper();
@Test
public void whenConvertPostEntityToPostDto_thenCorrect() {
Post post = new Post();
post.setId(1L);
post.setTitle(randomAlphabetic(6));
post.setUrl("www.test.com");
PostDto postDto = modelMapper.map(post, PostDto.class);
assertEquals(post.getId(), postDto.getId());
assertEquals(post.getTitle(), postDto.getTitle());
assertEquals(post.getUrl(), postDto.getUrl());
}
@Test
public void whenConvertPostDtoToPostEntity_thenCorrect() {
PostDto postDto = new PostDto();
postDto.setId(1L);
postDto.setTitle(randomAlphabetic(6));
postDto.setUrl("www.test.com");
Post post = modelMapper.map(postDto, Post.class);
assertEquals(postDto.getId(), post.getId());
assertEquals(postDto.getTitle(), post.getTitle());
assertEquals(postDto.getUrl(), post.getUrl());
}
}
7. Conclusion
In this article, we detailed simplifying the conversion from Entity to DTO, and from DTO to Entity in a Spring REST API, by using the model mapper library instead of writing these conversions by hand.
The full source code for the examples is available in the GitHub project.