1. 概述
在这个教程中,我们将探讨Jackson 2.x中的反序列化过程,特别是如何处理包含未知属性的JSON内容。
要深入了解并学习我们能用Jackson做的其他酷炫事情,可以参考Jackson主教程。
2. 反序列化带有额外或未知字段的JSON
JSON输入形式多样,大多数时候我们需要将它映射到预定义的Java对象,这些对象具有固定数量的字段。目标是忽略任何无法映射到现有Java字段的JSON属性。
例如,假设我们需要将JSON反序列化为以下Java实体:
public class MyDto {
private String stringValue;
private int intValue;
private boolean booleanValue;
// standard constructor, getters and setters
}
2.1. 对于未知字段引发UnrecognizedPropertyException
尝试将带有未知属性的JSON反序列化到这个简单的Java实体会导致com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.UnrecognizedPropertyException
:
@Test(expected = UnrecognizedPropertyException.class)
public void givenJsonHasUnknownValues_whenDeserializing_thenException()
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
String jsonAsString =
"{"stringValue":"a"," +
""intValue":1," +
""booleanValue":true," +
""stringValue2":"something"}";
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
MyDto readValue = mapper.readValue(jsonAsString, MyDto.class);
assertNotNull(readValue);
}
这将抛出以下异常:
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.UnrecognizedPropertyException:
Unrecognized field "stringValue2" (class org.baeldung.jackson.ignore.MyDto),
not marked as ignorable (3 known properties: "stringValue", "booleanValue", "intValue"])
2.2. 使用ObjectMapper
处理未知字段
现在我们可以配置整个ObjectMapper
,使其在JSON中忽略未知属性:
new ObjectMapper()
.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false)
然后我们应该能够将这种类型的JSON读取到预定义的Java实体中:
@Test
public void givenJsonHasUnknownValuesButJacksonIsIgnoringUnknowns_whenDeserializing_thenCorrect()
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
String jsonAsString =
"{"stringValue":"a"," +
""intValue":1," +
""booleanValue":true," +
""stringValue2":"something"}";
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
MyDto readValue = mapper.readValue(jsonAsString, MyDto.class);
assertNotNull(readValue);
assertThat(readValue.getStringValue(), equalTo("a"));
assertThat(readValue.isBooleanValue(), equalTo(true));
assertThat(readValue.getIntValue(), equalTo(1));
}
2.3. 在类级别处理未知字段
我们也可以标记单个类接受未知字段,而不是整个Jackson ObjectMapper
:
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class MyDtoIgnoreUnknown { ... }
现在我们应该能够测试之前的行为。未知字段被简单地忽略,只有已知字段被映射:
@Test
public void givenJsonHasUnknownValuesButIgnoredOnClass_whenDeserializing_thenCorrect()
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
String jsonAsString =
"{"stringValue":"a"," +
""intValue":1," +
""booleanValue":true," +
""stringValue2":"something"}";
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
MyDtoIgnoreUnknown readValue = mapper
.readValue(jsonAsString, MyDtoIgnoreUnknown.class);
assertNotNull(readValue);
assertThat(readValue.getStringValue(), equalTo("a"));
assertThat(readValue.isBooleanValue(), equalTo(true));
assertThat(readValue.getIntValue(), equalTo(1));
}
3. 反序列化不完整的JSON
类似于额外的未知字段,使用Jackson反序列化不完整的JSON(即不包含Java类所有字段的JSON)并非问题:
@Test
public void givenNotAllFieldsHaveValuesInJson_whenDeserializingAJsonToAClass_thenCorrect()
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
String jsonAsString = "{"stringValue":"a","booleanValue":true}";
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
MyDto readValue = mapper.readValue(jsonAsString, MyDto.class);
assertNotNull(readValue);
assertThat(readValue.getStringValue(), equalTo("a"));
assertThat(readValue.isBooleanValue(), equalTo(true));
}
4. 总结
在这篇文章中,我们讨论了使用Jackson处理带有额外、未知属性的JSON的反序列化。
在与Jackson一起工作时,这是最常见的配置之一,因为我们经常需要将外部REST API的JSON结果映射到内部API实体的Java表示。
所有示例和代码片段的实现可以在我的GitHub项目中找到:GitHub项目示例。