1. 概述
在这个教程中,我们将了解如何直接从命令行运行JUnit 5测试。
2. 测试场景
之前我们已经介绍了如何程序性地运行JUnit测试。为了演示,我们将使用相同的JUnit测试:
public class FirstUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenThis_thenThat() {
assertTrue(true);
}
@Test
public void whenSomething_thenSomething() {
assertTrue(true);
}
@Test
public void whenSomethingElse_thenSomethingElse() {
assertTrue(true);
}
}
public class SecondUnitTest {
@Test
public void whenSomething_thenSomething() {
assertTrue(true);
}
@Test
public void whensomethingElse_thenSomethingElse() {
assertTrue(true);
}
}
3. 运行JUnit 5测试
我们可以使用JUnit的控制台启动器运行JUnit 5测试用例。这个jar的可执行文件可以从Maven中央仓库下载,位于*junit-platform-console-standalone*目录下。
此外,我们需要一个包含所有编译后的类的目录:
$ mkdir target
让我们看看如何使用控制台启动器运行不同的测试用例。
3.1. 运行单个测试类
在运行测试类之前,先进行编译:
$ javac -d target -cp target:junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar src/test/java/com/baeldung/commandline/FirstUnitTest.java
现在,我们将使用JUnit控制台启动器运行编译后的测试类:
$ java -jar junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar --class-path target --select-class com.baeldung.commandline.FirstUnitTest
这将给出测试运行结果:
Test run finished after 60 ms
[ 3 containers found ]
[ 0 containers skipped ]
[ 3 containers started ]
[ 0 containers aborted ]
[ 3 containers successful ]
[ 0 containers failed ]
[ 3 tests found ]
[ 0 tests skipped ]
[ 3 tests started ]
[ 0 tests aborted ]
[ 3 tests successful ]
[ 0 tests failed ]
3.2. 运行多个测试类
再次,编译我们想要运行的测试类:
$ javac -d target -cp target:junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar src/test/java/com/baeldung/commandline/FirstUnitTest.java src/test/java/com/baeldung/commandline/SecondUnitTest.java
然后,我们将使用控制台启动器运行编译后的测试类:
$ java -jar junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar --class-path target --select-class com.baeldung.commandline.FirstUnitTest --select-class com.baeldung.commandline.SecondUnitTest
结果显示所有五个测试方法都成功了:
Test run finished after 68 ms
...
[ 5 tests found ]
...
[ 5 tests successful ]
[ 0 tests failed ]
3.3. 在包中运行所有测试类
要运行包中的所有测试类,我们需要编译包中所有的测试类:
$ javac -d target -cp target:junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar src/test/java/com/baeldung/commandline/*.java
再次,我们将运行包中的编译后的测试类:
$ java -jar junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar --class-path target --select-package com.baeldung.commandline
...
Test run finished after 68 ms
...
[ 5 tests found ]
...
[ 5 tests successful ]
[ 0 tests failed ]
3.4. 运行所有测试类
现在运行所有测试用例:
$ java -jar junit-platform-console-standalone-1.7.2.jar --class-path target --scan-class-path
...
Test run finished after 68 ms
...
[ 5 tests found ]
...
[ 5 tests successful ]
[ 0 tests failed ]
4. 使用Maven运行JUnit
如果我们使用的是Maven作为构建工具,则可以直接在命令行上执行测试。
4.1. 在控制台上运行单个测试用例
要在控制台上运行单个测试用例,请执行以下命令,指定测试类名:
$ mvn test -Dtest=SecondUnitTest
这将给出测试运行结果:
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.SecondUnitTest
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.211 s [INFO] Finished at: 2021-08-02T23:13:41+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2. 运行多个测试用例
要在控制台上运行多个测试用例,请执行命令,并指定要执行的测试类的名称:
$ mvn test -Dtest=FirstUnitTest,SecondUnitTest
...
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.SecondUnitTest
[INFO] Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.FirstUnitTest
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.211 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-08-02T23:13:41+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.3. 在包中运行所有测试用例
要在控制台上运行包内的所有测试用例,需要在命令中指定包名:
$ mvn test -Dtest="com.baeldung.commandline.**"
...
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.SecondUnitTest
[INFO] Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.FirstUnitTest
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.211 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-08-02T23:13:41+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4. 使用Maven运行所有测试用例
最后,要在控制台上使用Maven运行所有测试用例,只需执行mvn clean test
:
$ mvn clean test
...
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.SecondUnitTest
[INFO] Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.069 s - in com.baeldung.commandline.FirstUnitTest
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.211 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-08-02T23:13:41+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. 总结
在这篇文章中,我们学习了如何直接从命令行运行JUnit测试,包括使用和不使用Maven的情况。
这里展示的示例实现可以在GitHub上找到。