1. Overview
A lot of companies use Microsoft’s Active Directory (AD) service. It helps when managing a mixed Windows and Linux environment. In fact, it’s a very popular directory service, because AD manages access to an organization’s resources from one place.
In this tutorial, we’ll see how to list an Active Directory user’s attributes from a Linux system.
Specifically, we’ll use the Active Directory service set up and running on Windows Server 2016. Also, AD users will log in to Ubuntu 20.04, which will be the client machine.
2. Prerequisites
Notably, there are some requirements to meet before we can see a user’s attributes in Active Directory.
Mainly, our Linux machine needs to be part of the Active Directory group. Also, we must have sufficient permissions to query the directory.
Let’s look over how our machines are set up. On Ubuntu 20.04, we’ve got the following configuration:
- hostname: test.example.com
- IP address: 192.168.62.163
- DNS resolver: Active Directory
Similarly, the Active Directory has the following configuration:
- domain name: example.com
- IP address: 192.168.62.160
- DNS name (FQDN) of the server: win-2shifamt88gr.example.com
For demonstration, we’ll also use the Active Directory user Baeldung. We can, of course, use actual names instead of the example.com site and the Baeldung user.
3. Using samba-tool
The samba-common-bin package provides the samba-tool command on Ubuntu.
The samba-tool command has a user show subcommand. We can use user show to output the attributes of an Active Directory user. This is followed by the –attributes option. The latter sets the attributes to display.
Let’s use it to show the attributes for our user Baeldung:
$ sudo samba-tool user show baeldung --attributes=* -U baeldung -H ldap://example.com
Password for [WORKGROUP...
dn: CN=Baeldung,CN=Users,...
distinguishedName: CN=Baeldung...
...
The SMB credentials are set with the -U option, while -H specifies the server. The user show subcommand displays the user AD object.
We’ve used an asterisk (*) as the value of the attributes option. As a result, the command shows all the available attributes for the user Baeldung. This includes the user’s SID, primary group ID, and the home directory.
4. Using ldapsearch
Basically, the ldapsearch command looks for the entries in the LDAP database and returns the results. First, it connects to an LDAP server. Then, it binds to it. Lastly, it does a search using a filter. The output uses an LDIF format.
Let’s use it to search and show our user’s attributes:
$ ldapsearch -x -LLL -b "cn=baeldung,cn=Users,dc=example,dc=com" -D "[email protected]" -W -H ldap://example.com
Enter LDAP Password:
dn: CN=Baeldung,CN=Users,DC=example...
cn: Baeldung
...
In the above example, we’ve used a few options:
- -LLL: organize output format
- -x: set simple authentication method rather than SASL
- -b: set searchbase for the search
- -D: LDAP binding is accomplished using the binddn Distinguished Name
- -W: for basic authentication requests
- -H: URI(s) of the LDAP server(s)
Finally, we can see different attributes of the user Baeldung.
5. Using getent
The getent command queries the Name Service Switch (NSS) database. Let’s use the getent command to list the attributes of Active Directory user Baeldung:
$ getent passwd [email protected]
[email protected]:*:111:100:Baeldung...
In the example above, getent looks for the [email protected] entry in the passwd database. Also, it shows all values of the Active Directory user’s attributes.
The output format is like the regular /etc/passwd format.
6. Using id
The id command is also a simple way to print out the user’s attributes.
Similar to getent, let’s use it to see the attributes of our user Baeldung:
$ id [email protected]
uid=1094801105([email protected]) gid=...
Notably, the id command shows only the real and effective user and group ID values.
7. Using the JXplorer GUI Utility
JXplorer is a GUI-based LDAP viewer and editor. We can connect to and search through an Active Directory by using it. Also, it can look for user objects and show their attributes in a user-friendly interface.
Let’s install JXplorer on Ubuntu 20.04, with the usual apt command:
$ sudo apt install jxplorer
We can launch JXplorer from the GUI or the command line. Once launched, we navigate the options to connect to our Active Directory domain. To connect, we specify the domain controller hostname, port, and credentials.
We start by going to the File menu. Now, we choose the Connect option. In the pop-up box, we enter the required information:
- Host: hostname or IP address of the domain controller
- Port: port number for the LDAP service (default is 389)
- Protocol: LDAP v3
- Base DN: base DN for our domain
- Level (Under Security): select User + Password
- User DN: username (with read access to the directory)
- Password: password for the user account
Finally, we hit the OK button. At this point, we can see the details of our user:
Similarly, we can get the details of other users as well.
8. Conclusion
In this article, we’ve seen different ways to get a user’s attributes from Active Directory. To sum up, to use samba-tool or ldapsearch for LDAP queries, we need to know the proper syntax. The id command is simple to use but provides little information. Similarly, getent is also helpful, but again, it prints only small details.
On the whole, JXplorer is a good choice for a GUI environment, which many Windows environments already are. It makes it easy to see the user’s attributes in Active Directory and customize them.
Thus, getting the user’s attributes can be straightforward. We just need to make sure that the Active Directory and Linux servers are set up right.