Spring Boot如何修改默认端口

1. Overview

Spring Boot provides sensible defaults for many configuration properties. But we sometimes need to customize these with our case-specific values.

And a common use case is changing the default port for the embedded server.

In this quick tutorial, we’ll cover several ways to achieve this.

2. Using Property Files

The fastest and easiest way to customize Spring Boot is by overriding the values of the default properties.

For the server port, the property we want to change is server.port.

By default, the embedded server starts on port 8080.

So, let’s see how to provide a different value in an application.properties file:

server.port=8081

Now the server will start on port 8081.

And we can do the same if we’re using an application.yml file:

server:
  port : 8081

Both files are loaded automatically by Spring Boot if placed in the src/main/resources directory of a Maven application.

2.1. Environment-Specific Ports

If we have an application deployed in different environments, we may want it to run on different ports on each system.

We can easily achieve this by combining the property files approach with Spring profiles. Specifically, we can create a property file for each environment.

For example, we’ll have an application-dev.properties file with this content:

server.port=8081

Then we’ll add another application-qa.properties file with a different port:

server.port=8082

Now, the property files configuration should be sufficient for most cases. However, there are other options for this goal, so let’s explore them as well.

3. Programmatic Configuration

We can configure the port programmatically either by setting the specific property when starting the application or by customizing the embedded server configuration.

First, let’s see how to set the property in the main @SpringBootApplication class:

@SpringBootApplication
public class CustomApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(CustomApplication.class);
        app.setDefaultProperties(Collections
          .singletonMap("server.port", "8083"));
        app.run(args);
    }
}

Next, to customize the server configuration, we have to implement the WebServerFactoryCustomizer interface:

@Component
public class ServerPortCustomizer 
  implements WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableWebServerFactory> {
 
    @Override
    public void customize(ConfigurableWebServerFactory factory) {
        factory.setPort(8086);
    }
}

Note that this applies to the Spring Boot 2.x version.

For Spring Boot 1.x, we can similarly implement the EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer interface.

4. Using Command-Line Arguments

When packaging and running our application as a jar, we can set the server.port argument with the java command:

java -jar spring-5.jar --server.port=8083

or by using the equivalent syntax:

java -jar -Dserver.port=8083 spring-5.jar

5. Order of Evaluation

As a final note, let’s look at the order in which these approaches are evaluated by Spring Boot.

Basically, the configurations priority is

• embedded server configuration
• command-line arguments
• property files
• main @SpringBootApplication configuration

6. Conclusion

In this article, we saw how to configure the server port in a Spring Boot application.

As always, the source code for the examples is available over on GitHub.