Spring Boot控制台应用

1. Overview

In this quick tutorial, we’ll explore how to create a simple console-based application using Spring Boot.

2. Maven Dependencies

Our project relies on the spring-boot parent:

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.0</version>
</parent>

The initial dependency required is:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

3. Console Application

Our console application consists of a single class, SpringBootConsoleApplication.java, which is the main class for out Spring Boot console application.

We’re using Spring’s @SpringBootApplication annotation on our main class to enable auto-configuration.

This class also implements Spring’s CommandLineRunner interface. CommandLineRunner is a simple Spring Boot interface with a run method. Spring Boot will automatically call the run method of all beans implementing this interface after the application context has been loaded.

Here’s our console application:

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootConsoleApplication 
  implements CommandLineRunner {

    private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
      .getLogger(SpringBootConsoleApplication.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LOG.info("STARTING THE APPLICATION");
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootConsoleApplication.class, args);
        LOG.info("APPLICATION FINISHED");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        LOG.info("EXECUTING : command line runner");
 
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
            LOG.info("args[{}]: {}", i, args[i]);
        }
    }
}

We should also specify the spring.main.web-application-type=NONE Spring property. This property will explicitly inform Spring that this isn’t a web application.

When we execute SpringBootConsoleApplication, we can see the following logged:

00:48:51.888 [main] INFO  c.b.s.SpringBootConsoleApplication - STARTING THE APPLICATION
00:48:52.752 [main] INFO  c.b.s.SpringBootConsoleApplication - No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
00:48:52.851 [main] INFO  o.s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 
  - Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@6497b078: startup date [Sat Jun 16 00:48:52 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
00:48:53.832 [main] INFO  o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
00:48:53.854 [main] INFO  c.b.s.SpringBootConsoleApplication - EXECUTING : command line runner
00:48:53.854 [main] INFO  c.b.s.SpringBootConsoleApplication - args[0]: Hello World!
00:48:53.860 [main] INFO  c.b.s.SpringBootConsoleApplication - Started SpringBootConsoleApplication in 1.633 seconds (JVM running for 2.373)
00:48:53.860 [main] INFO  c.b.s.SpringBootConsoleApplication - APPLICATION FINISHED
00:48:53.868 [Thread-2] INFO  o.s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 
  - Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@6497b078: startup date [Sat Jun 16 00:48:52 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
00:48:53.870 [Thread-2] INFO  o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter - Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown

Note that the run method is called after the application context is loaded, but before the execution of the main method is complete.

Most console applications will only have a single class that implements CommandLineRunner. If our application has multiple classes that implement CommandLineRunner, the order of execution can be specified using Spring’s @Order annotation.

4. Conclusion

In this brief article, we learned how to create a simple console-based application using Spring Boot.

The full source code of our examples is available over on GitHub.